Mapombi esimbi, sechinhu chakakosha chehwaro muindasitiri yemazuva ano uye kuvaka, anouya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana uye anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa. Basic simbi pombi kupatsanurwa kunonyanya kubva pane zvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, chimiro chechimiro, uye kushandiswa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemapombi esimbi dzinoratidza misiyano yakakura mukuita, mutengo, uye mamiriro anoshanda. Izvi zvinotevera zvinonyatsoongorora nzira huru dzekuisa uye hunhu hwemapombi esimbi ekutanga kubva kune akawanda maonero.
1. Kurongwa Nezvinhu: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, uye Stainless Steel
Mucherechedzo wakanyanya kukosha wekugadzika kwepombi dzesimbi ndeye zvinhu, ine kabhoni simbi inoverengera chikamu chikuru, ichiteverwa nealloy simbi nesimbi isina tsvina.
Carbon Steel Pipes: Primarily composed of iron and carbon, with a carbon content typically below 2%, are categorized by carbon content into low-carbon steel (≤0.25%), medium-carbon steel (0.25%-0.6%), and high-carbon steel (>0.6%). Mapombi{{2}ekabhoni esimbi akadzikama anopa kusimba uye kureruka kwekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti ashandiswe zvakanyanya mukufambisa-zvinoyerera zvine simba (zvakadai sepombi dzemvura negasi). Masimbi epakati- uye akakwirira{{6}kabhoni anopa simba repamusoro uye anokodzera magadzirirwo kana maapplication anoda post{7}}weld heat heat. Mapaipi esimbi alloy: Maelement alloying akadai sechromium, nickel, nemolybdenum anowedzerwa kucarbon steel (kazhinji inodarika 5% yese) kuti isaita ngura, -simba rekupisa, kana kusakara kuburikidza nekugadzirisa. Semuyenzaniso, chromium-molybdenum alloy simbi pombi dzinoshingirira kune tembiricha yepamusoro uye kumanikidzwa uye dzinowanzo shandiswa mumaboiler nemidziyo inopwanya oiri; nickel{{13}mapaipi esimbi alloy anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotyisa dzemakemikari.
Mapombi esimbi asina simbi: Ane 10.5% kana kupfuura chromium (mamwe ane nickel), anoumba dense oxide firimu rinoramba corrosion. Kubva pane yavo metallographic chimiro, vanoiswa seaustenitic (senge 304 uye 316 Stainless simbi), ferritic (senge 430 Stainless simbi), uye martensitic (senge 410 Stainless simbi). Austenitic Stainless steel haizi{{7}magineti neasidhi{8}} uye alkali-inodzivirirwa, zvichiita kuti ikwane kugadzira chikafu nemidziyo yekurapa. Ferritic Stainless steel inodhura-asi haina kusimba uye inowanzoshandiswa mukushongedza. Martensitic Stainless Simbi ine kuomarara kwepamusoro uye yakakodzera kucheka maturusi uye kutakura zvinhu.
2. Kurongeka neKugadzira Maitiro: Seamless uye Welded Steel Pipes
Iyo nzira yekugadzira ndiyo chinhu chakakosha pakuona kutendeseka kwemaitiro uye kushanda kwemapombi esimbi. Mapombi esimbi anonyanya kuiswa seamless uye akaiswa welded.
Seamless steel pipe: Simbi yakasimba billet inogadziridzwa kuburikidza nekuboora (hot rolling kana kutonhora kudhirowa) kuita mhango chubhu isina mawelds, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kusimba kwese uye kusimba kwakasimba{0}kubereka. Inopisa-yakakungurutswa yesimbi isina musono pombi inopa hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana (kunze kwemadhayamita kusvika 630mm zvichikwira) uye inokodzera kufambisa-kufambiswa kwepressure fluid (senge oiri casing uye hydraulic struts). Pombi yesimbi inotonhora{{6}yakadhonzwa isina musono inopa kunyatsojeka uye nzvimbo yakatsetseka, zvichiita kuti iwande kushandiswa mumachina chaiwo kana masisitimu emvura.
Welded steel pombi: Yakagadzirwa kubva mundiro yesimbi kana tambo, inogadzirwa kuburikidza nelongitudinal seam welding (ERW), spiral seam welding (SSAW), kana yakakwirira-frequency resistance welding (HFW), uye ine imwe kana anopfuura welds. Longitudinal seam welded steel pipe (sepaipi yerata yegalvanized for low-pressure fluid transportation) inopa mutengo wakaderera uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirwa kwepamusoro, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka mvura nekugezesa, pamwe chete ne{3}}gasi repressure yakaderera. Spiral seam welded simbi pombi ine yunifomu yemadziro ukobvu uye yakakodzera madhayamita mahombe (kusvika 3m uye pamusoro), uye inowanzoshandiswa mumafuta uye gasi mapaipi. Yakakwirira-kuwanda kwekusamira kweyelded simbi pombi haidi simbi yekuzadza uye ine sipidhi yakakwirira, zvichiita kuti iwande kushandiswa muzvikamu zvemotokari nemidziyo yefenicha.
3. Kukamurwa maererano neMaumbirwo Efomu: Round Tubes, Square Tubes, Rectangular Tubes, uye Mamwe Akakosha-Machubhu Akaumbwa
Zvichienderana ne-maumbirwo echikamu, pombi dzesimbi dzinokwanisa kupatsanurwa kuita maumbirwo ejometri akajairwa uye{1}}akagadzirwa maumbirwo.
Round Tubes: Accounting inopfuura 80%, iyi ndiyo yakajairika mhando yepombi yesimbi. Muchinjikwa wedenderedzwa-chikamu chinopa yunifomu yekudzvanya kugovera, kudzvanya kwepamusoro uye kuramba kubhenda, uye kureruka kwekugadzirisa (sekukotama uye welding). Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukufambisa kwemvura (pombi dzemvura neoiri), zvimisikidzo (scaffolding, drive shafts), uye rutsigiro rwekuvaka (curtain wall keels).
Sikweya uye Rectangular Tubes: Akagadzirwa nekutonhorereka kana kumonereka akananga, ane sikweya kana rectangular cross-zvikamu. Square machubhu anopa ese ari maviri akakwira compression kuramba uye kugona kwenzvimbo uye anowanzo shandiswa musherufu uye kuratidza racks. Rectangular chubhu, nekuda kwekusiyana kwehurefu nehupamhi, inogona kuchinjirwa kune chaiyo yekuisa zvinodiwa (senge magonhi nemahwindo mafuremu nemidziyo yemidziyo), uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushongedza kwekuvaka uye zvimiro zvesimbi zvisingaremi.
Akakosha{{0}Machubhu Akaumbwa: Aya anosanganisira maumbirwo akakosha seelliptical, triangular, uye hexagonal chubhu, anowanzo gadziridzwa kuti asangane nechitarisiko chemidziyo kana kushanda zvinodiwa. Semuyenzaniso, mapaipi esimbi ane hexagonal anoshandiswa mumibato yezvishandiso sezvipanera kuwedzera kukwenya kwekubata; plum blossom-mapaipi esimbi akaumbwa anoshandiswa mukushongedza magadhi kuti awedzere kunaka.
4. Kukamurwa neKushandisa: Mapombi Ezvakavakwa, Mapombi Anoyerera, Mechanical Mapaipi, uye Akakosha-Mapaipi Echinangwa
Zvichienderana nemagumo-maitiro ekushandisa, mapombi esimbi anogona kuzopatsanurwa kuita mabasa-anotarisika.
Mapaipi esimbi ekugadzira: Anonyanya kushandiswa kutakura mitoro, anosimbisa zvinhu zvemuchina (zvakadai sesimba rekusimba uye goho). Semuenzaniso, Q235B simbi mapaipi ekuvaka anoshandiswa mu scaffolding uye mabhiriji anotsigira; 20# mapaipi esimbi ekugadzira michina anoshandiswa mugearbox housings uye zvigaro zvinotakura.
Fluid yekutakura simbi mapaipi: Core zvinodiwa zvinosanganisira corrosion resistance uye yemukati madziro kutsvedzerera. Mapombi aya akaiswa muchikamu chepombi dzemvura neegasi (sepaipi dzesimbi dzakaita semarata), mapaipi eoiri neegesi (sepaipi API 5L akajairwa mutsetse wepombi), uye mapaipi emakemikari (akadai seasidhi-mapombi asingachinji esimbi asina musono). Mapombi ekutakura mvura akaderera{{4}anowanzo gadziriswa anti-kuora (plastic coating, galvanizing), ukuwo mapombi akakwirira{6}}achida kuonekwa kuti haana kukanganisa. Mapombi esimbi akagadzirwa: Sechikamu chisina kuvharwa, anofanirwa kusangana nekurongeka kwedimensional uye nepamusoro pemhando zvinodiwa. Semuyenzaniso, mapaipi esimbi anotonhora{{9} anodhirowa anoshandiswa mu hydraulic valve body and automotive shock absorbers; alloy structural simbi mapaipi anoshandiswa mumabhuraketi einjini yendege uye nemanyorero emuchina wekushandisa njanji.
Special{{0}mapombi esimbi ane chinangwa: Yakagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, dzakadai sezirconium alloy simbi mapaipi emagetsi enyukireya (yakakwirira-tembiricha neutron radiation resistance), super duplex stainless steel pipes for offshore platforms (seawater corrosion resistance), uye titanium alloy yakatetepa{2}}yakavharidzirwa mapombi ekushandisa lightweight aerospace).
Mhedziso
Iyo yakakosha simbi pombi yemhando system inoratidza kubatanidzwa kwakadzama kwesainzi yemidziyo, maitiro ekugadzira, uye zvinodiwa zveinjiniya. Kubva pane kabhoni simbi kusvika kusimbi isina simbi, kubva isina musono kuenda kune yakasungwa, kubva kutenderera kusvika kune mapombi akaumbwa, mhando yega yega inokwidziridza mashandiro ezvimwe zvikumbiro. Kunzwisisa aya kupatsanurwa hakungobatsiri chete kunyatsoenderana kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zveinjiniya kune zvinodiwa asi zvakare kunopa hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza indasitiri yesimbi pombi. Nekufambiswa mberi kwezvinhu zvitsva (zvakadai sepombi-mapombi akavharidzirwa) uye michina yekugadzira (se3D-yakadhindwa midiki-pombi dzesimbi), kukamurwa uye mashandisirwo epombi dzesimbi zvicharamba zvichikura mune ramangwana.
