Mukuvaka kwemazuva ano, mainjiniya emabhiriji, uye zvivakwa zvemaindasitiri, zvivakwa zvesimbi tubular, zvine hunyanzvi hwazvo hwemakina uye mashandisirwo emhando yezvinhu, zvave nzira yakakosha yekutsigira. Kunyangwe kazhinji akavigwa pasi pemafacade ezvivakwa kana akafukidzwa nemidziyo yekushongedza, anoita basa rekutanga kufambisa mitoro uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana. Kubva pamafuremu esimbi ezvivakwa zvikuru kusvika kumakoramu anotsigira emuchinjiko{2}}mabhiriji egungwa, zvivakwa zvesimbi tubular, zvine simba razvo rakakwirira, kusaora, uye kuvaka zviri nyore, zvakagadzira hwaro hwakasimba hweinjiniya yemazuva ano.
Mechanical Advantages eSimbi Tubular Structures
Iyo yakakosha kukwikwidza kwesimbi tubular zvimiro zviri mune yavo yakanakisa mechaniki zvivakwa. Zvichienzaniswa nembiru dzesimbi dzakasimba kana zvivakwa zvekongiri, simbi dzetubular dzinonamira zvinhu kumucheto, dzichigadzira "tubular cross-chikamu" inoshanda. Iyi dhizaini haingodzikisi zvakanyanya kufa asi zvakare inopa kugadzikana kwakanyanya pasi peaxial compression uye kubhenda mitoro. Semuyenzaniso, pasi pekudzvinyirirwa, denderedzwa muchinjiko-chikamu chechubhu yesimbi zvinodzivirira kusungirirana kwenzvimbo, ukuwo rectangular kana sikweya chubhu inogona kuwedzera kutakurisa-kusimba kuburikidza nekushandisa dhizaini yekuomesa musoro.
Pamusoro pazvo, kuomarara kwepombi dzesimbi kunodarika-zvivakwa zvesimbi zvakadambuka zvakafanana-zvikamu, zvichizvigonesa kuchengetedza hunhu hwakanaka pasi pemasimba ane simba akaita sekudengenyeka kwenyika uye kutakurwa nemhepo. Hunhu uhwu hwaita kuti vagare vakapararira mumachubhu makuru e-zvivakwa, matruss masisitimu enzvimbo huru-, uye makoramu ekutsigira kumapuratifomu ekumahombekombe.
Iko Evolution yeZvinhu uye Manufacturing Technologies
Kuzivikanwa kwezvivakwa zvepombi dzemazuva ano hazviparadzaniswe kubva mukufambira mberi mukunyungudutsa simbi uye kugadzira matekinoroji. Kushandiswa kwe-kusimba kwakaderera{2}}masimbi alloy (seQ345 neQ460) kwakaderedza ukobvu zvinodiwa uku uchichengetedza simba. Mapombi esimbi anopisa-akakungurutswa asina musono uye mapombi esimbi akakwirira-anowanzo chinjika anopa sarudzo dzinochinjika pakushandisa kwakasiyana. Yekutanga inokodzera kutakurwa kwepamusoro-nepressure fluid kana kuti{10}}chaizvo zvimiro zvemaumbirwo azvo, ukuwo yekupedzisira ichitonga musika nemutengo wayo wakaderera uye nekukurumidza kugadzira.
Mumakore achangopfuura, mabhindauko ehunyanzvi hwekudzivirira -kuora kwakawedzera kuwedzera miganhu yekushandiswa kwezvimiro zvepombi dzesimbi. Kushandiswa kwezvinopisa-zvinoita dip galvanizing, epoxy coating, uye stainless steel zvinhu zvagonesa pombi dzesimbi kuti dzikwanise kumira kwenguva refu-munzvimbo dzakanyanya kupfapfaidza munyu mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, nzvimbo dzekuora kwemakemikari, uye kunyange kutonhora kunotyisa kwenharaunda dzenharaunda. Semuyenzaniso, mirwi yepombi yesimbi yekuHong Kong-Zhuhai{7}}Macao Bridge inoshandisa-yakapetwa kaviri inodzivirira-corrosion system, inoita zana{10}}refu yekurarama zvisinei nekukukurwa kwemvura yemugungwa.
Maitiro Ekuvandudza muInjiniya Zvikumbiro
Kukosha kwezvivako zvepombi dzesimbi hakusi chete mukushanda kwezvikamu zvega, asiwo mukubatana kwavo nezvimwe zvinhu. Mumasisitimu akasanganiswa, pombi dzesimbi dzinowanzobatanidzwa nekongiri kuita "concrete{1}}filled steel chubhu" composite zvikamu: yakakwirira-kongiri yekusimba yakadirwa mukati inozadza maburi eradial deformation mupombi dzesimbi pasi pekudzvanywa, ukuwo mapombi esimbi achimanikidza kuwedzera kweparutivi kwekongiri. Musanganiswa uyu unogona kuwedzera simba rekubereka nepamusoro pe30%. Makoramu makuru eShanghai Tower anoshandisa tekinoroji iyi, achiwana rutsigiro rwakatsiga pakureba kwemamita 632.
Munzvimbo dzine kudiwa kwakasimba kwekureruka, senhandare nenzvimbo dzemagungano, nzvimbo dzesimbi dzepaipi truss zvivakwa zvinobatanidzwa kuburikidza nemanodhi akasungwa kana mabhaudhi kuti agadzire yega-inoenzanisa geometric system. "Ice Ribbon" speed skating rink kuBeijing Winter Olympics inoshandisa chigaro{2}chadenga chedenga chakaumbwa -chakarongwa tirasi dzepaipi dzesimbi. Izvi hazvizadzise zvinodikanwa zvenguva refu{{5}yakareba, mbiru{{6}yemahara, asi zvinopawo runako rwetekinoroji kuburikidza nepombi dzesimbi dzesirivha dziri pachena.
Matambudziko Emberi uye Nhungamiro Yebudiriro
Kunyange zvazvo zvivakwa zvesimbi zvakakura, mainjiniya vachiri kutsvaga mhinduro dzakanangana. 3D-yakadhindwa simbi tubular node tekinoroji iri kubudirira murabhoritari, ichigonesa kuumbwa kwezvimiro zvakaomarara kuburikidza nekugadzira zvinowedzerwa. Kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu akangwara ekutarisisa kunobvumira masensa kuti ape chaiyo-mhinduro yenguva pamusoro pekushushikana kwemukati uye nekuora kwemamiriro esimbi tubular, zvakanyanya kunatsiridza mashandiro nekuchengetedza kuchengetedza.
Kubva kuNew York's Empire State Building kusvika kuDubai Burj Khalifa, zvivakwa zvesimbi zvagara zviri mbiru isingaonekwe inotsigira zvishuvo zvekuvaka kwevanhu. Nekufambira mberi mune zvesainzi uye tekinoroji tekinoroji, iyi nzvimbo yakakosha icharamba ichisimudza miganhu, ichipa mhinduro dzakareruka uye dzakangwara dzekutsigira maguta anotevera.
